The temporomandibular joint (jaw joint) is one of the most commonly used joints in our entire body, as it not only moves the jaw, but it helps you bite, talk and chew. Consisting of bone, muscle and tendon, the temporomandibular joint functions correctly when these muscles are relaxed and balanced. When a person is experiencing problems in their TMJ, the upper and lower jaw joints do not open and close comfortably and pain is evident while doing simple tasks, such as talking or chewing.
A problem with either of the jaw joints is known as a TMJ disorder. A variety of conditions can lead to difficulty with the TMJ. Teeth grinding or bruxism (clenching of the teeth) is a common behavior that many are oblivious to as it usually occurs while sleeping. Nighttime teeth grinding can cause muscle spasms and inflammation of the muscle tissue, causing difficult and often painful jaw movement. Previous trauma to the jaw and constant fingernail biting can often lead to problems with the TMJ as well. Patients with a bad bite (malocclusion) may also suffer from a TMJ disorder as their teeth do not fit together properly and can lead to problems in their jaw. Stress can also be attributed as causing or adding to TMJ problems.
Many patients who suffer from a TMJ disorder often have symptoms that may not necessarily be linked directly to the jaw. Pain near the front and below the ear occurs in 50% of patients, while some may also experience fullness or ringing in their ears as well. Other symptoms reported are dizziness, grinding or popping sounds and headaches.
A thorough dental and medical evaluation is generally required to diagnose TMJ disorders. Once diagnosed, we can determine the best course of treatment for each individual case. Some mild cases can often be treated with cold compresses and anti-inflammatory medications, such as aspirin or ibuprofen. More significant cases may need to be fitted with a mouthguard to balance the bite and stop teeth grinding or undergo physical therapy, orthodontic therapy or surgery.
